Lukiškių aikštės tyrimai 2016 ir 2017 m

LT2016 ir 2017 m. pratęsti 2015 m. Lukiškių aikštėje (UK 10371) Vilniuje pradėti archeologiniai tyrimai. Istoriniai duomenys apie aikštę ir ankstesnių tyrimų apžvalga pateikta tų metų ataskaitoje ir straipsnyje (ATL 2015 metais, 2016, p. 367–371). Ankstesnių metų kasinėjimai parodė, kad aikštės P ir centrinėje dalyse kultūrinis sluoksnis sunaikintas ar stipriai apardytas. Todėl 2016 m. tyrimų (A. Vaitkuvienė) projekte numatyta detaliai tirti jos Š dalį, o likusioje teritorijoje atlikti žvalgymus žemės darbų vietose. 2016 m. detaliųjų tyrimų metu iškastos 24 įvairaus dydžio perkasos ir 2 šurfai, bendrai iki įžemio ar projektinio gylio ištirtas 461 m2 dydžio plotas. Žvalgymai 2016 m. atlikti daugiau nei 8 tūkst. m2 dydžio teritorijoje. Tyrimai pradėti būsimos lietaus nuotekynės vietoje, kur į V nuo centrinio tako tirtos 5 10x1 m dydžio perkasos 8–12 (numeracija tęstinė nuo 1992 m. tyrimų), o į R nuo jo-4 10x2 m dydžio perkasos 13–16. Tyrimų plotuose fiksuotas XX a. perkastas gruntas su 10–20 cm storio tamsaus grunto archeologinio sluoksnio likučiais ir pavieniais XVI–XIX a. radiniais. Stambaus žvyro ar smėlio įžemis pasiektas 0,8–1 m, duobėse-1,8 m gylyje. Vėliau tyrimai atlikti suprojektuotos lietaus nuotekynės atšakos iki Vasario 16-osios gatvės vietoje. [...] [p. 459].

ENIn 2016 and 2017, the investigation begun in 2015 continued in Lukiškės Square. In 2016, 24 various-sized trenches and two test pits (a total of 461 m2 ) were excavated in its N part. Over 8000 m2 were surveyed. A 20th century mixed cultural layer with isolated finds was recorded in most of the excavated areas. Destroyed burials and isolated human bones were discovered in the NE corner. Another burial, perhaps of a 19th–20th century victim of crime, was found in the SW corner of the square. In all, 467 finds were registered, including 50 small finds, 201 coins, 47 seals, and 169 bulk finds: household pottery sherds, glass vessel shards, panel stove tile (Blattkacheln) fragments, hand-forged nails, and ammunition. The finds were divided into three main groups. The first should be connected with the existence of a 19th–20th century market place (15% of the coins, the majority of the seals and buttons, some of the ammunition, and some of the small finds: ornaments, clothing elements, thimbles, and a dagger). The second group is connected with the 17th–18th century church, the potter’s field near it, and the church bazaar. The majority of these finds were discovered in the NE corner of the square and include the rest of the coins, almost all of the bulk material except the buttons, the 17th century shilling production waste, a minority of the seals, the registered cartridges, the finds confirming the existence of a bone workshop, and over ten of the small finds: buckles, rings, a pipe, a spur, keys, and crosses. The third group of finds date to the 14th–16th centuries: a 1364– 1379 (Winrich von Kniprode) Teutonic Knight Vierchen, a Sigismund August (1544–1572) twopence, arrow heads, and crossbow bolt heads ended up in the territory of the present day square by chance.In addition, fragments of a road and a cruciform building marked in cartographic material from the second half of the 18th century were unearthed during the investigation. In 2017, an evaluation was conducted through the excavation of test pits at the sites for planting trees in the N part of the square. A survey was conducted in the N, E, and W parts at the sites of pits dug to plant trees and lay utility lines. In all, 77 test pits (a total of 172.5 m2 ) were excavated. Roughly 500 m2 were surveyed. The absolute majority of the test pits contained a 30 cm to 2.6 m thick cultural layer of dug up or bulldozed soil; hardly a fifth of the excavated areas had an undisturbed, 20–50 cm thick, poor 17th–20th century cultural layer. One undisturbed burial of a 20–25 year old female without grave goods or the remains of a coffin was discovered during the investigation. The bone analysis allowed the determination to be made that the woman had been in poor health. It is thought that the discovered burial belonged to one of the 17th century homeless individuals. Fragments of a paved road marked in 18th century cartographic material were found in four test pits. Several hundred finds, 260 of which were registered, were discovered during the investigation. The 17th–20th century small finds include three rings, 2 thimbles, a key head, two buckles, a loop, a bowl lid from a pipe, and belt chape. The biggest find group consisted of coins and counterfeit coins, 200 of which were registered: 138 minted in the 17th century, 18 in the 18th, 29 from the first half of the 19th century until 1917, and another 15 unidentified coins or coin like pieces of sheet metal.