Tyrimai Pilininko namo kieme Vilniuje

LTKPIP LNM užsakymu 2019 m. vykdė detaliuosius tyrimus Arsenalo g. 1 sklype priešais Pilininko namą (UK 24707) bei Pilies kalno V atraminę sieną. Tyrimai susiję su inžinierinių tinklų įrengimu ar atnaujinimu, V atraminės sienos bei kitų išlikusių mūrų pritaikymu eksponavimui bei lankymui. Ištirta 10 perkasų, bendras 506,75 m2 plotas. Vilniaus Žemutinės pilies teritorija, į kurią patenka tiriamas kiemas, intensyviai tyrinėjama jau nuo XX a. vidurio. Nemažai tirtas ir Arsenalo g. 1 kiemas. Tyrimai daugiausia koncentravosi palei V atraminę sieną bei šalia jos buvusius vadinamuosius Radvilų rūmus. 1963 m. Tvarkant LNM rūmų galinę patalpą R. Legaitė atliko žvalgymus. Jų metu užfiksuotas 7,9 m storio kultūrinis sluoksnis, kurio apatiniuose horizontuose aptikta medinio užstatymo liekanų, amatininkų gamybinių atliekų, buitinės bei statybinės keramikos, metalinių dirbinių, maisto atliekų (LIIR, f. 1, b. 175). 1955–1961 m. LNM vidiniame kieme A. Tautavičius ištyrė per 2000 m2 plotą (dėl didelio gylio įžemis pasiektas tik 300 m2 plote). Aptiktas iki 6,5 m storio kultūrinis sluoksnis, pradėjęs formuotis dar XII a., medinis miesto užstatymas, Šv. Onos bažnyčios liekanos bei kapinės aplink ją (LIIR, f. 1, b. 39, 92, 104, 105, 171). [...] [p. 148-149].

ENThe KPIP conducted an excavation on the plot at Arsenalo St. 1, Vilnius, which is opposite the Castellan’s house and Castle Hill’s W retaining wall. Ten trenches totalling 506.75 m2 were excavated. The investigation revealed, parallel with the Castellan’s house, a wall, which continues beyond the plot’s boundaries in the SW part and probably goes all the way to the Radvila Palace. The wall is 70 cm wide and has been badly damaged in many places through the laying of various utility lines in the late 19th–20th centuries. It was probably erected as a passage to the basements in the first half of the 17th century. The present-day entrance to the three basements was probably created in the 19th century. In the earlier times, the entrance was beyond boundaries of the discovered wall and was underground. Such a reconstruction can be made on the basis of the discovered entrance to a fourth basement, which is now blocked off. The entrance to the fourth basement was also blocked off for a brief period in the late 17th – early 18th century. The other basements were used for a longer period and were reconstructed. In the 18th century, rooms that backed onto the wall parallel with the Castellan’s house were created beside the entrances to two basements: the second and fourth. The entrances to the basements were created after the Castellan’s house had already been built, probably in the first half of the 17th century. A gallery existed to the NW of the castellan’s house in the 17th–18th centuries. The excavation of part of the gallery’s wall by Tautavičius in the 1960s allows one to state that the gallery’s interior was about 3 m wide and that reconstructions had been made in adapting and replacing the existing masonry constructions. The heavy damage to the wall, especially its SE part, as well as the cored red bricks that cover the wall do not allow more precise data to be supplied.The upper cultural layers were probably levelled in creating the square because only isolated late 20th-century finds have been discovered under the pavers and levelling layers while rubble and late 18th – early 19th-century layers begin from a depth of 30–40 cm. At the deepest parts of the excavation in trenches 1, 5, 7, and 10 cultural layers dating to the 16th (15th) century were recorded. The cultural layer in these trenches continues deeper but it was not excavated because the excavation was conducted down to a planned depth. Close to the Castellan’s house, sterile soil was recorded at a depth of 0.5–1.6 m. At a line about 9 m away from the house, a large drop off occurs and the relief becomes lower to the NW. The structure of the cultural layers shows that up until the 16th century the boundary of the present hill could have been at roughly the excavation site and later, prior to the building of the Castellan’s house, the territory began to be increased in size through the removal of the top of the hill and the erection of a retaining wall. The masonry wall discovered beside the retaining wall in trench 3 is contemporary with the retaining wall but is not connected with the Castellan’s house, having probably functioned as part of the Radvila Palace. 16th–17th-century finds, mainly potsherds, stove tile fragments, and pipe fragments were collected during the investigation.