Valdovų rūmų G rūsio tyrimai 2019–2020 m

LT2009 m. lankytojams buvo atverta Nacionalinio muziejaus Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės valdovų rūmų autentiškų mūrų ekspozicija. Muziejaus erdvėse atliekant nuolatinę autentiškų mūrų ir grindinių prevencinę priežiūrą ir konservavimą, G rūsyje buvo stebimas nuolatinis aukšto gruntinio vandens destrukcinis poveikis. Siekiant apsaugoti autentiškus mūrus ir užkirsti kelią pelėsio plitimui, 2019 m. buvo inicijuoti tvarkybos darbai ir pradėti rūsio, kurio dalis jau buvo tirta ir anksčiau, archeologiniai tyrimai. 2019 m. rudenį pradėta tirti rūsio V dalyje, apytiksliai 22 m2 plote. Galima išskirti 4 sluoksnių blokus, susijusius su esminiais ploto raidos etapais. Ties akmenų grindiniu rasti vos keli plokštinių koklių fragmentai, metaliniai dirbiniai, keliolika lovinių čerpių, buitinės keramikos ir architektūrinio stiklo šukių, įvairių kitų XVI–XVII a. dirbinių bei vienintelė moneta-Jono Kazimiero šilingas. Įvertinus tai, kad 1993 m. po grindiniu rasti net 4 Jono Kazimiero šilingai, galima teigti, kad rūsyje surastas grindinys buvo išgrįstas ar pergrįstas po XVII a. 7 dešimtmečio. ar vėliau, XVII a. pabaigoje-XVIII a., virš jo buvo sumūrytos dvi V skliautą remiančios atramos. Apibendrinant 2019–2020 m. tyrimus, galima konstatuoti, kad Vilniaus ir pilies raidos tyrimams itin svarbi gausi nauja medienos mėginių kolekcija dendrochronologinei analizei bei paimti grunto mėginiai parazitologiniams, paleobotaniniams, mikromorfologiniams tyrimams. XIII a. pabaigos-XIV a. prabangūs dirbiniai, maistui naudotų gyvūnų įvairovė rodo tirtoje erdvėje gyvenus aukšto socialinio sluoksnio asmenis ir išskirtinę pilies, kaip vienos svarbiausių Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaikščio rezidencijų, reikšmę. [...] [p. 137-138, 141].

ENIn an effort to protect the authentic masonry walls of basement G of the Palace of the Grand Dukes in Vilnius and prevent the spread of mould, preservation work was initiated in 2019 and the archaeological investigation of the basement begun. Parts of the basement had been already investigated in 1991, 1993, and 2003, but the W edge had been excavated down to only the 17th century paving. In 2019–2020, approximately 22 m2 were excavated, sterile soil being reached at a depth of 1 m in the N part, and at 3 m in the S. After briefly examining the layers, structures, and finds recorded during the investigation, it is possible to distinguish 4 layer blocks, which are connected with the essential stages of the area’s development. Just several fragments of panel stove tiles (Blattkacheln), metal artefacts, over ten sherds of pantiles and household pottery, shards of architectural glass, various other 16th–17th century artefacts, and a single coin, a John II Casimir shilling, were discovered atop the stone paving. Below the first stone paving (Habs 91.15 m) with its thin layer of levelling sand, at Habs 90.70 m, the investigation unearthed, parallel to the W wall, the remains of a wooden floor connected with the basements of the Palace of the Grand Dukes and preliminarily dated to the 16th first half of the 17th century. Under the wooden floor horizon, a layer of lime, which should be connected with the construction of the late Gothic palace in the first quarter of the 16th century, was unearthed in the investigated area. A significant slump in the layers, which was connected with the construction of the palace’s S wall, was recorded in the S part of the basement.The N slope of this foundation ditch was reinforced with a timber construction, which was labelled wooden construction I. Wooden slope reinforcement construction II, which is connected with the construction of the early S defensive wall (M25) of the masonry castle and can be dated to c. 1325, was unearthed 50 cm below this. Wooden construction III was labelled the earliest slope reinforcement structure and was discovered at Habs 88.00–90.10 m. The late 13th century structure consists of E–W oriented logs laid one atop another. Atop wooden construction III and in the layers recorded below it down to sterile soil, not just late Medieval artefacts, but also artefacts apparently from the stone and iron ages were discovered. The flint blades and flakes attest that people had been living at the confluence of the Neris and Vilnia from the Stone Age (around 6–5 millennia bc). The concentration of finds in the N part of the excavated area illustrates that during the 5th–9th centuries this area was inhabited in greater numbers and more intensively. In summarising the 2019–2020 investigation, it is possible to state that the abundant new collection of wood samples for dendrochronological analysis and soil samples for parasitological, palaeobotanical, and micromorphological study are especially important for the investigation of the development of Vilnius and the castle.