1863-1904 m. Vilniaus gubernijos fotografai

LTŠiame darbe skelbiama LVIA saugomų bylų medžiaga apie Vilniaus gubernijos fotografų veiklą nuo 1863 m. birželio 6 d. iki 1905 m. sausio 1 d. Pradedama 1863 m. birželio 6 d., kuomet visos fotografijos įmonės buvo uždarytos, o po to patikrintos. Patikrinimo medžiaga leidžia aptarti tuometines fotoateljė. Darbas baigiamas 1904 m., nes vėlesnio laikotarpio medžiaga per gausi šiam straipsniui. Ir neaprašomi laikotarpiai, ir kitų lietuviškų gubernijų fotografų veikla bus tiriama vėlesniuose darbuose. Taip pat sąmoningai apsiribota vien archyvo dokumentais, šiame tyrimo etape nesiekiant pateikti galutinių išvadų ar išsamių apibendrinimų. Pateikiami vien dokumentų faktai, tačiau jie turėtų deramai papildyti ankstesnių autorių darbus nauja medžiaga, leisiančia geriau suvokti vykusius procesus bei tendencijas ir padėti susigaudyti įvykių chronologijoje. Vieni fotografai pradėdavo darbą, padirbę arba pasimokę pas dirbančius fotografus, kiti atvykdavo iš kitur; fotografai jungėsi ir skyrėsi, keitė patalpas, keitėsi gatvių pavadinimai ir namų savininkai; fotografams nuskurdus, bankrutavus, išvykus kitur ar mirus keitėsi fotoateljė savininkai. Skyrėsi fotoateljė įranga, atliekamų darbų kokybė ir pobūdis. Keitėsi įstatymai ir klientų poreikiai. Autorius tikisi, kad čia skelbiama medžiaga, papildyta abėcėliniais fotografų sąrašais, pakankamai išsamiai atskleidžia organizacinę Vilniaus gubernijos fotoateljė istorijos veiklą [p. 233].

ENIn the first article of the cycle dealing with the history of the Lithuanian photography, an overview of the activities of a photo studio that functioned in the Vilnius Province is presented, based on the archival documents of the Vilnius Province Office and certain other archival sources. The Vilnius Province embraced eastern Lithuania (Vilnius, Alytus, Birstonas, Trakai, Svencionys, Varena and Ziezmariai) and part of Byelorussia (Asmena, Dysna, Druja, Hlybokoje, Lyda, Naujasis Medilas, Smurgainys and Vileika). In the introduction, the emergence of photography in Lithuania and its development before 1863 are briefly described. With the exception of several articles devoted to individual photographers, archival sources were not used in the investigations of the history of the Lithuanian photography. The sources used in this work are first of all applications written by the photographers for the permission to set up photo workshops as well as documents related to the consideration of these applications. Much valuable information may be found in the annual reports on the operating photo studios issued by the governor and in 1870-1896 submitted to the Chief Board for Press Matters in Sanct Petersburg on a regular basis.The order of setting up and reorganization of photo studios was revealed on the basis of archival material. Under Russian laws, photo studios were equivalent to publishing enterprises and the provisions of censorship laws were applied to them. The governor was entitled to issue permits for the photo studio activities. Photographers who wished to photograph larger groups of people out outdoors or localities had to obtain separate permits. In the case of localities, a consent of military authorities was also to be obtained. Photographing of strategic objects was prohibited. Up until 1904, owners of cameras engaged in amateur photographing also had to have special permits. Membership of the Russian photographic societies (there were several of them by the end of the 19th century) granted the right to take photographs in all localities of Russia without separate permit. The above-said sources also include material on the photo studio equipment and techniques. In the appendix to the article, brief information about photographers who worked in Vilnius and towns and townships of the province is presented. Photographer's biographic data and dates of his activities known are specified at each name; relations with other photographers are described.