Valstybinio komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo reguliavimo Lietuvoje perspektyvos

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Valstybinio komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo reguliavimo Lietuvoje perspektyvos
Alternative Title:
Perspectives of state regulation of municipal waste management in Lithuania
Authors:
In the Journal:
Visuomenės saugumas ir viešoji tvarka [Public security and public order]. 2023, 32, p. 2-17
Keywords:
LT
Latvija (Latvia); Lietuva (Lithuania); Aplinkos apsauga / Environmental protection; Kainos / Prices; Vartotojai / Consumers; Valdymas / Management.
Summary / Abstract:

LTStraipsnyje analizuojami buitinių vartotojų komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo reguliavimo Lietuvoje pokyčiai ir pateikiamos naujo modelio privalumų ir trūkumų prognozės. Nuo 2023 m. sausio 1 d. modifikuojama buitinių vartotojų komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistema Lietuvoje, įtvirtinamas valstybinis reguliavimas. Valstybinio reguliavimo modelio esmė yra ta, kad dalį kainos už komunalinių atliekų tvarkymą nustato valstybinis reguliuotojas, o kitą dalį – savivaldybė. Tiriama, ar tokio komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo reguliavimo modelis turi tik teigiamų ar ir prieštaringų bruožų. Šio straipsnio tikslas – atskleisti buitinių vartotojų komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo reguliavimo ypatumus Lietuvoje ir pateikti prognozes, ar naujasis modelis turės įtakos efektyvesnei komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo paslaugų apmokestinimo sistemai. Tyrimo dalyką sudaro du aspektai: a) valstybinio reguliavimo, kaip tarifų (rinkliavų) nustatymo metodo buitiniams vartotojams už komunalinių atliekų tvarkymą, turinio analizė; b) komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo reguliavimo teisinio reglamentavimo ypatumai dviejose jurisdikcijose: Lietuvoje ir Latvijoje. Daroma išvada, kad valstybinio reguliuotojo įtraukimas į komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo reguliavimą ir regioninės kainos, kaip dalies kainos už komunalinių atliekų tvarkymą, nustatymo mechanizmas vertintinas ir kaip teigiamas pasirinkimas: mažinamas kainų skirtumas tarp atskirų savivaldybių, kainodaros skaidrumo tikimybė ir kt., ir kaip neigiamas faktorius: savivaldos autonomijos ribojimas, papildomas subjektas (valstybinis reguliuotojas) sąlygoja papildomą administravimo išlaidų poreikį.Lietuvos, kaip ir Latvijos, teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys komunalinių atliekų tvarkymą, komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo sistemų diegimą, antrinių žaliavų surinkimo ir perdirbimo organizavimą, sąvartynų įrengimą ir eksploatavimą priskiria savivaldybių kompetencijai. Latvijoje ir Lietuvoje taikomas valstybinio komunalinių atliekų tvarkymo kainų reguliavimo modelis iš esmės nesiskiria, t. y. valstybinis reguliuotojas nustato būtinąsias sąnaudas, kurios reikalingos atliekoms tvarkyti sąvartyne, tačiau nereguliuoja atliekų surinkimo / vežimo bei sistemos / rinkliavos (ar įmokų) administravimo sąnaudų. Galutinę kainą vartotojams už komunalinių atliekų tvarkymą (įmoką / rinkliavą) nustato savivaldybės. Pažymima, kad optimistinis siekis – naujai įtvirtintu valstybinio reguliavimo modeliu pasiekti komunalinių atliekų susidarymo ir šalinimo sąvartynuose kiekio mažinimo gali būti nepasiektas, nes Latvijoje šį modelį taikant jau daugiau nei dešimt metų, faktiškai minėti rodikliai yra analogiški Lietuvos rodikliams. Pagrindinės sąvokos: aplinkosauga, atliekų tvarkymas, komunalinės atliekos, valstybinis reguliavimas, Latvija. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article analyzes the changes in the regulation of municipal waste management of household users in Lithuania and provides forecasts of the advantages and disadvantages of the new model. European Union members have the right of discretion to establish and apply different methods of setting tariffs (tolls). There are three prevailing methods of setting tariffs (tolls): fixed-rate toll (payments), "Pay-as-you-throw" and state regulation (Latvia, from January 1st, 2023, Lithuania). EU member states are gradually phasing out of fixed fees (payments) as it is criticized and considered ineffective. From January 1st, 2023, the municipal waste management system of household users is being modified in Lithuania, and a state regulator is being established. The essence of the state regulation model is that part of the price for municipal waste management is determined by the state regulator, and the other part by the municipality. It is investigated whether such a regulatory model of municipal waste management has only positive or contradictory features. Improving waste management is one of the 5 priorities of the European Green Deal. Appropriate pricing of municipal waste management services for municipal waste collection from waste holders and waste management can have several practical implications, such as encouraging waste avoidance and recycling. Thus, the improvement of waste management is directly related to the selection of a municipal waste management pricing model, according to which it would be clear which institution and in what terms approves the methodology for calculating the price for municipal waste management, which institution and in what terms calculates the projects of these prices, what are the bases for pricing and principles and what are the bases for price review and change.The purpose of this article is to reveal the peculiarities of the regulation of municipal waste management for household users in Lithuania and to provide predictions as to whether the new model will have an impact on a more efficient system of taxation of municipal waste management services. The subject of the research consists of two aspects: a) analysis of the content of state regulation as a method of setting tariffs (fees) for household consumers for municipal waste management; b) peculiarities of municipal waste management regulation in two jurisdictions: Lithuania and Latvia. It is concluded that the inclusion of the state regulator in the regulation of municipal waste management and the mechanism for determining the regional price as a part of the price for municipal waste management can be evaluated as a positive choice: the price difference between individual municipalities is reduced, the possibility of pricing transparency, etc., and as a negative factor : restriction of self-government autonomy, an additional entity (state regulator) results in an additional need for administration costs. The legal acts of Lithuania, as well as of Latvia, which regulate the management of municipal waste, the implementation of municipal waste management systems, the organization of the collection and processing of secondary raw materials, the installation and operation of landfills belong to the competence of municipalities. The model of state price regulation of municipal waste management applied in Latvia and Lithuania is not fundamentally different, i.e. the state regulator determines the necessary costs that are required for handling waste in a landfill, but does not regulate the costs of waste collection/transportation and system/toll (or fee) administration. The final price to consumers for municipal waste management (fee) is set by the municipalities.It is noted that the optimistic goal of reducing the amount of municipal waste generated and disposed of in landfills with the newly established state regulation model may not be achieved, because this model has been applied in Latvia for more than ten years, and the aforementioned indicators are actually analogous to the indicators in Lithuania. The Republic of Latvia was chosen for comparative analysis for several reasons: analogous Soviet experience; the independence of the state was regained at the same time, which led to fundamental reconstructions of the approach to waste management and the general importance of environmental protection; both states have similar geopolitical, demographic and economic indicators, both states became European Union members at the same time - on 1st of May, 2004. Although both countries have currently chosen a state regulatory model for municipal waste management and its content is regulated similarly, this model has been operating in Latvia since November 1st, 2009, while in Lithuania since January 1st, 2023. This publication presents a comparison of the state legal regulation of municipal waste management, and discusses Latvian practice. Qualitative research methods applied in the work: systematic analysis, analysis of legal sources. A logical method was used for conclusions and generalizations. With the help of the comparative method, a comparative analysis of the state regulation of municipal waste management of the Republic of Lithuania and the Republic of Latvia was carried out, the legal acts of both countries regulating the peculiarities of municipal waste management were examined in order to highlight common theoretical bases, similarities and/or differences, examples of good practice and alternatives to legal regulation were sought. Keywords: environmental protection, waste management, municipal waste, state regulation, Latvia. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.13165/PSPO-23-32-12
ISSN:
2029-1701; 2335-2035
Subject:
Teisė / Law
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/103689
Updated:
2023-09-07 21:13:01
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