ENThe current research is based on an analysis of the scientific literature from various periods pertaining to topics ranging from the theory of bureaucracy to the latest concepts of the New Public Management doctrine. This article highlights the features and differences of these doctrines, as well as distinguishing characteristics of public management and directions of organizational reform. This theoretical analysis revealed differences in the model of reform of the Lithuanian Public Employment Service (PES) in the context of public administration. The research found that PES reform was carried out on the basis of New Public Management. The reform of the Lithuanian PES was focused on the optimization of the current structure, so as to deliver services for the satisfaction of client needs. The position of case manager was introduced, management became centralized, and more attention was paid to the delivery of services. Keywords: public management; organizational structure; reform; Employment Service.