Šulinio vandens kokybės rodikliai ir jų tyrimas
LTLietuvoje, statistikos duomenimis, apie 560 tūkst. gyventojų vis dar iš šachtinių šulinių tebevartoja geriamąjį vandenį, kurio kokybė neužtikrina saugaus jo vartojimo. Straipsnyje analizuojami 2020 –2021 metais tirto individualaus šachtinio šulinio vandens tyrimai, tiekiamo Antalgės k., Ignalinos r. Nustatyta, kad 4 iš 11 tirtų fizikinių ir cheminių vandens rodiklių neatitinka HN 24:2017 higienos normos reikalavimų. Nustatytos geležies, mangano, sezoninė nitritų koncentracijų padidėjimai ir bendrasis vandens kietumas. Siekiant, jog vanduo iš individualaus šulinio būtų tinkamas vartoti ir atitiktų gyventojų lūkesčius, rekomenduojama periodiškai tikrinti geriamojo vandens kokybę ir įrengti atskirus vandens kokybės gerinimo filtrus arba kompleksines vandens gerinimo sistemas (daugiafunkcinius filtrus). Reikšminiai žodžiai: geriamasis vanduo, šachtinis šulinys, vandens kokybė, nitratai, kietas vanduo.
ENGroundwater in Lithuania is the main source of drinking water. As the conditions of formation and subsidence of groundwater bodies and the anthropogenic impact on its quality are different, the population is supplied with drinking water of different quality from individual wells. One of the biggest causes of pollution is active anthropogenic activity. It is known that in Lithuania about 700 thousand people consume drinking water from shaft wells that does not meet the requirements of the hygiene standard. In order to assess the physical and chemical properties of drinking water from an individual shaft well, seasonal exceedances of pollutant concentrations, as well as to perform an analysis on the selection of a water treatment plant, it is necessary to constantly monitor the quality of drinking water. The water research of the shaft well, located in Antalgė village, Ignalina district, was performed in December 2020 - December 2021. A total of 12 water samples were tested. The water was tested at the Radiochemistry Laboratory of the Laboratory Research Division of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Decommissioning Department. In accordance with the requirements of the hygiene standard HN 24: 2017, 11 physical and chemical properties of water were tested: color, turbidity, ammonium, nitrates, test iron, manganese, hydrogen ion concentration, specific electrical conductivity 20 ° C, odor threshold, taste threshold, total hardness . After testing the samples, the iron content exceeding the permissible limits was found to be more than 200 μg / l. In August, an increase in the concentration of nitrates in drinking water, exceeding the permitted levels of more than 50 mg / l, was observed. When evaluating the water hardness, it was found that the average water hardness was more than 7 mg-eq / l, which means that the water is hard and contains a lot of dissolved magnesium and calcium salts.The manganese concentration limit was found to exceed the limit values in all samples tested. According to the Lithuanian hygiene standard HN 24: 20017, the concentration of manganese in drinking water supplied from a well should not exceed 50 mg / l of manganese. In order to supply water from a shaft well in Antalgė village, Ignalina district. meet the hygiene standards, consumer expectations and suitability for use of the proposed water treatment filters or water treatment systems.
