ENThe paper describes and analyzes the problems of the Lithuanian origins of the work of Leopold Godowsky (1870-1938). It considers the events and circumstances of his childhood, which influenced his later destiny and determined the priorities and motivations of his work. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of autodidacticism of the great musician, his innate ability to compensate for the absence of teachers, and independently fill the gaps in his professional education. The article is dedicated to the 150th anniversary of Godowskyís birth. Keywords: Leopold Godowsky, Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius), Lithuanian Jews in the 19th century, historical and cultural context, Pale of Settlement, Haskala, autodidact.