Bastioninių įtvirtinimų kompleksas Klaipėdoje

LT2018 m. Klaipėdoje vyko miesto bastioninių įtvirtinimų komplekso remonto ir rekonstravimo darbai. Šių darbų vietoje, apie 64 tūkst. m2 plote, atlikti archeologiniai tyrimai. Anksčiau, 1974 m., bastionų vietoje tyrinėjo V. Žulkus. Perkasomis ištirtas apie 115 m2 plotas, žvalgyta apie 500 m2. Po pylimais aptikta buvusio užstatymo liekanų bei nustatyti bastiono supylimo etapai nuo XVII a. pradžios iki XVIII a. vidurio. Perkasose atidengti akmens grindiniai, kurie tęsiasi nuo vandens iki kurtinos. Kurtinoje atidengto grindinio plotis siekė 4–7 m. Pylimų pakraščiuose prie vandens rasti sukalti mediniai kuolai. Nustatyta, kad pylimuose išliko XVII–XVIII a. bastiono konstrukcijos elementų-akmeninis kelias virš griovio ir požeminiai praėjimai (Žulkus V., Klaipėdos m. gynybiniai pylimai. Archeologinių tyrimo darbų ataskaita, V., 1974. MLIM, AS 258). 2018 m. ištirtuose plotuose rasta XVII-XX a. radinių-akmens masės ir molinių puodų šukių, angobuotų lėkščių fragmentų, stiklinių butelių duženų, plokščiųjų koklių su juoda ir žalia glazūra, kaolininių pypkučių kotelių. Radiniai perduoti į MLIM. [...] [p. 169, 171].

ENIn 2018, an archaeological investigation, during which 3 trenches with a total of 38.5 m2 were excavated, was conducted on the grounds, which are roughly 64 000 m2 in size, of the star fort complex in Klaipėda. Cultural layers dating to the 17th–20th centuries and from 1.5 to 1.7 m thick were recorded in the areas investigated in the street. 30–50 cm thick fill layers of grey soil created in managing the fort in the 20th century were recorded in Trench 2, which was excavated on the scarp of the curtain wall. Under them was discovered a fill layer, up to 2.7 m thick (at the top of the curtain wall), of clay, sand, and sandy loam, which was created during the fort’s last construction stage in the mid 18th century. A layer, up to 60 cm thick, of dark earth with rubble from the second half of the 20th century was discovered in Trench 3. Under it were early 17th (?)–18th century fill layers, which were created during the fort’s construction in the 18th century and consisted of a layer, up to 90 cm thick, of grey soil with clay, a 20–40 cm thick layer of dark earth, and a layer, up to 70 cm thick, of clay, sand, clay loam. A roughly 38 m long soil profile was recorded at the Geldern Bastion. In the profile were discovered fill layers, up to 2 m thick, of clay, sand, and clay loam, which were apparently laid down during the last stage of the bastion’s construction in the mid-18th century. At the Kurmark Bastion, a 30–50 cm thick dark earth layer with 20th century rubble was recorded in a roughly 22 m long profile; beneath it was a layer, up to 1.4 m thick, of clay mixed with dark earth. The areas excavated in 2018 revealed 17th–20th century finds: stoneware and earthenware potsherds, fragments of engobed plates, glass bottle shards, panel stove tiles (Blattkacheln) with black and green glaze, and kaolin pipe stems.