Казань, Крым и Великое княжество Литовское в дипломатических и военных столкновениях на рубеже XV-XVI вв

ENThe urgency of the problem under study is due to the tendency in the historical science to rethink the events of the 15th - early 16th centuries, caused by changes in the economic, political and socio-cultural spheres, in theoretical and methodological research methods. As well as staying in the shadow of the problem of relations of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the fragments of the Golden Horde, especially political contacts with the Kazan Khanate, which played a prominent role in the struggle for political supremacy in the postdordyn space. The purpose of the article is to clarify the nature and characteristics of the relationship of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with two of the many heirs of the Golden Horde - the Kazan and Crimean Khanates. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the comparative method. The study of interstate relations of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the adjacent Crimean and Kazan yurts spatially distant from the principality showed the existence of differences in the Lithuanian political line with respect to the named Tatar khanates and allowed to find out the reasons for this. The nature and forms of relations between the states of interest to us were influenced by two factors: 1) the presence or absence of common borders; 2) the need to take into account the relationship of the postdordian states and Lithuania with the Great Horde, the Ottoman Porte and the growing Russian state.The diplomatic activity of the latter sometimes led to a change in the nature of interstate relations. Conditioning, the development of relations from diplomatic to military form, or the cessation of military conflict, or a break in mutual contacts. The materials of the article can be used to recreate the overall picture of the development of relations between states in Eastern Europe in the period under review, as well as in academic courses of lectures on general and Russian history. Keywords: History, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Crimean Khanate, the Kazan Khanate, the Ottoman Port, the Moscow Principality, interstate contacts.