Užsienio lietuvių korespondencija nelegalioje lietuvių spaudoje XIX a. pabaigoje – 1904 metais

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Užsienio lietuvių korespondencija nelegalioje lietuvių spaudoje XIX a. pabaigoje – 1904 metais
Alternative Title:
Correspondence of lithuanian emigres in the illegal lithuanian press from the end of the nineteenth century to 1904
In the Journal:
Res humanitariae. 2022, t. 30, p. 253-272
Keywords:
LT
19 amžius; 20 amžius; Draudimas / Insurance; Epistoliarinė literatūra / Epistolary literature; Migracija / Migration; Spauda / Press.
Summary / Abstract:

LTXIX a. pabaigoje – XX a. pradžioje į Vakarų Europą ir JAV išvykę lietuviai susidūrė su nauju pasauliu, kuriame susikūrė gausūs išeivijos centrai su spauda bei organizacijomis. Ten kūrėsi santykiai su kitataučiais, vystėsi visuomeninė veikla, religinio pobūdžio konfliktai, tautinio identiteto paieškos, politinė diferenciacija ir kiti procesai. Šie naujo gyvenimo aspektai atsispindėjo įvairiomis formomis ir Lietuvoje, viena jų – korespondencija viešojoje erdvėje – spaudoje. Korespondencija ne tik suteikė žinių apie lietuvius įvairiuose kraštuose, bet ir to meto žmonėms tapė išeivio paveikslą bei aplinką, kurioje jie gyveno. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pasižiūrėti, kokio pobūdžio ir turinio korespondencija aptinkama į Vakarus emigravusių lietuvių nelegalioje spaudoje, leistoje Mažojoje Lietuvoje iki 1904 m., ir kokios naujo, modernaus gyvenimo tendencijos atsiskleidžia komunikacijos iš JAV, Didžiosios Britanijos ar Prancūzijos turinyje. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: išeivija, emigracijos istorija, korespondencija, nelegali lietuvių spauda. [Iš leidinio]

ENAt the end of the 19th century, Lithuanian diaspora communities started to grow in Western Europe (Great Britain, France and Switzerland) and the United States, which maintained contact with Lithuania. Contacts developed through the press published in Lithuania Minor. One of the forms of this cooperation was correspondence, which reflected the diverse and multi-layered life of foreign Lithuanians, and the modernisation processes that took place. The correspondence of emigré Lithuanians in the illegal Lithuanian press has received little historical research. Historians mostly use the correspondence in the Lithuanian emigré press to reconstruct the life of Lithuanian emigrés before the First World War, but the correspondence is invisible as a phenomenon in the illegal Lithuanian press. The aim of this article is to characterise the discourse of the correspondence of Lithuanian emigrés in the illegal Lithuanian press, to name those revealed on the basis of an analysis of periodicals of liberal-secular publications and Catholic publications, and to name trends in modern life. During the research period, the correspondence between the USA and Great Britain was found mostly in the illegal Lithuanian press published in Lithuania Minor. The correspondence conveys not only factual knowledge, but also assessments, ideas and reflections on life, it reveals values which provide knowledge about the emigrés themselves and the problems faced by centres of the diaspora, and it also reveals the modernisation processes caused by emigration. The correspondence continuously presents information relating to the increase in national awareness, and, above all, the establishment of a religious community on a national basis, and the promotion of the establishment of ethnolinguistic parishes and organisations, and thus solidarity and the development of loyalty.It gradually begins to show that Lithuanian communities formed on the basis of religion moved towards a politically differentiated society. The encounter with industrialised societies led to the appearance in the press of correspondence and content relating to the dissemination of education, joining the activities of trade unions, fighting for rights acquired, and struggling in various areas of life. Finally, the course of discrimination, with which Lithuanians identify as an enslaved nation, is tangible. Keywords: emigration, emigration history, correspondence, illegal Lithuanian press. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.15181/rh.v30i0.2464
ISSN:
1822-7708; 2538-922X
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/100164
Updated:
2023-04-04 22:32:47
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