Ukrainiečių muzikinio folkloro įrašai Lietuvoje ir jų ypatybės

LTEtnomuzikologines ekspedicijas įvairiuose Ukrainos etnografiniuose regionuose rengia gausus būrys profesionalių mokslininkų ir vietinių kraštotyrininkų. Sukaupta garso ir vaizdo įrašų medžiaga perduodama žymiausiems folkloro archyvams Kyjive, Lvive, Dnipro mieste, regioninėms kultūros paveldo apsaugos institucijoms. Tai daug laiko reikalaujantis procesas, ne visada vykdomas sistemingai ir nuosekliai. 2022 metų vasario mėnesį rusofašistų pradėti nauji karo veiksmai Ukrainoje iš esmės pakeitė šio darbo specifiką. Tenka nelengvomis sąlygomis skubiai ieškoti galimybių minėtus etnografinės medžiagos įrašus ar jų kopijas perkelti saugoti analogiškuose saugiuose užsienio archyvuose. Straipsnyje pateikiama informacija apie straipsnio autorės asmeninių Ukrainos folkloro įrašų duomenis, jų apimtis, išsaugojimo galimybes ir jų dokumentavimo bei tyrimo perspektyvas Vilniuje, Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos instituto Tautosakos archyvo skyriaus fonduose. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: ukrainiečių muzikinis folkloras, etnomuzikologinės ekspedicijos, folkloro archyvai, garso įrašai, vaizdo įrašai.

ENTogether with my husband Professor Rimantas Sliužinskas, an ethnomusicologist from Klaipėda University (and since 2018 the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre), I have systematically collected audio and video recordings of traditional Ukrainian folklore since 2015, when we started to make numerous ethnomusicological expeditions to different ethnographic regions of Ukraine. In 2021, due to the coronavirus pandemic, our expeditions temporarily stopped, and since 24 February 2022, they have been suspended indefinitely, until the last Russo-fascist occupiers are removed from Ukraine. This material was initially stored in two collections in our digital archives, in Lithuania (Klaipėda), and in Ukraine (my homeland in Cherkasy). Since 2015, full copies of the collection have been stored in the Folklore Archives at the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore in Vilnius. That is how this unique archive of video and audio recordings of traditional Ukrainian musical folklore has found safety for the future. I organised and participated in previous folklore expeditions in the period 2005 to 2015, visiting more than 500 villages in the Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovsk, Rivne, Chernihiv, Kyiv, Zhytomyr, Volyn, Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. After the outbreak of hostilities in Ukraine, we managed to successfully transport them to Lithuania together with a bundle of expeditionary notebooks. These personal recordings of mine are progressively being processed, and over time will also be transferred to the Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore archives for safekeeping. In this article, we will present and discuss the recordings made since 2015, which are already stored in the archives of the Institute. We visited mostly villages in the Cherkasy region. This region is notable for the mutual influence of distinct ethnographic areas, with different characteristics of traditional singing.Three different ethnographic regions of Ukraine are known in the central part of the River Dnipro area, characterised by their own folk singing traditions. The first is the Podolya region, with particularly archaic genres of folk songs and unique features of their musical stylistics. The other two are the ethnographic regions of Naddniprianshchyna and Poltavshchyna, with colourful and rich characteristics of traditional singing, where polyphonic folk singing traditions prevail. In the same way, we made ethnomusicological expeditions to the Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and other ethnographic regions of Ukraine. The quantity of the data of all the collected materials is given in detail in this article. Not all the songs discussed here and recorded during our expeditions have been properly inventorised and documented. These recordings are quite numerous, and a detailed scientific analysis of all of them will be done in the future. Due to the war, their further accumulation in Ukraine is currently not possible. Essential attention is now being planned for the documentation and systematisation of these records, the transcription of the poetic texts and melodies of particular songs, and the preparation of manuscript collections of this material. The next stage is the scientific investigation of the material from a regional and comparative point of view, and the publication of the singing folklore material and analytical texts. All this will undoubtedly allow us to clarify the geographical boundaries between the individual ethnographic regions of Ukraine, where the styles of traditional singing are unique and quite different. It is inevitable to recognise the existence of transitional areas, where the melodic features of the songs are mixed, and reflect the traditions of the musical cultural heritage of several neighbouring regions.We also hope to prepare detailed comparative studies in the area of ties between Slavic and Baltic musical folklore. For this purpose, it will be necessary to accumulate targeted and geographically defined layers of musical folklore recordings, testifying to parallels between both Lithuanian (primarily Dzūkija and east Aukštaitija) and Ukrainian traditional song texts and melodies. In this context, we must not forget the work of ethnomusicologists from neighbouring Slavic nations, Poland and Belarus, and the prospects for cooperation with them. All the audio and video recordings of local musical folklore mentioned in this article will allow us to continue our research work for the benefit of the future of both Ukrainian and Lithuanian ethnomusicology. Keywords: Ukrainian musical folklore, ethnomusicological expeditions, folklore archives, audio recordings, video recordings.