"Eksponato byla": pasakojimas apie išgyvenimus, patirtis ir viltis Sibire

LTStraipsnyje pristatomi Utenos kraštotyros muziejaus pagrindinio fondo istorijos-etnografijos rinkinio eksponatai – tremtinių ir politinių kalinių daiktai, jų prasminė reikšmė. Išskiriamas vienas muziejaus padalinys – Laisvės kovų muziejus. Jame eksponuojama didelė dalis tremtinių dovanotų daiktų, o eksponavimas ir „eksponatų bylos“ šiame muziejuje pildo vieni kitus. Nurodoma, koks buvo pirmasis į muziejaus istorijos-etnografijos rinkinį įrašytas eksponatas, kuo jis svarbus. Pristatomi kai kurie tremtinių ir politinių kalinių daiktai, aprašomos jiems pagaminti naudotos medžiagos, įrankiai, analizuojami ornamentai ir per tai atsakoma į klausimą, kokią informaciją lankytojams siunčia šie eksponatai. Daroma išvada, kad eksponatai laikui bėgant lieka vieninteliai tremtinių ir politinių kalinių gyvenimo istorijų liudininkai. Straipsnio pabaigoje pristatomi išskirtiniai Utenos kraštotyros muziejaus eksponatai – rožiniai, nulipdyti iš duonos, žmonės, kuriems rožiniai priklausė tremtyje. Lietuvos nacionalinio dailės muziejaus Prano Gudyno restauravimo centre 2018–2019 m. rožiniai buvo konservuoti, Vilniaus universiteto Bioarcheologijos tyrimų centre ištirta duonos masės sudėtis. Straipsnyje pristatomas konservavimo procesas ir būdai, kuriais buvo nustatyta rožinių karoliukų miltų masės sudėtis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos nacionalinio dailės muziejaus Prano Gudyno restauravimo centras, rožiniai iš duonos, tremtinių ir politinių kalinių daiktai, Utenos kraštotyros muziejaus padalinys Laisvės kovų muziejus, Vilniaus universiteto Bioarcheologijos tyrimų centras.

ENThe belongings of exiles and political prisoners tell about the trials, experiences and hopes in Siberia, which have become exhibits of Local Lore Museum of Utena. Their value and historical/emotional/ notional meaning are enormous and remain relevant or become more relevant as time goes on. Handicrafts, prayer attributes, work tools and household items brought back from places of exile and imprisonment that had been hidden and protected for many years arrived at Local Lore Museum of Utena after the beginning of the Revival. The creation of an object and its becoming an exhibit are separated by 35 – 40 years. We are not talking about physical time – a specific number of years – but about a certain historical time and its content. Each exhibit tells the story of a person and a person-in-exile, and through it, all the tragic losses of Lithuania are revealed: the fate of people and the state. The local history of one area, whether it is Utena or another area, becomes the history of the entire country, even Europe. The exhibits donated to the museum by exiles and political prisoners raise a lot of emotions, questions and discussions. What information does needlework, sewn, embroidered in Siberia, send? By talking about them, we answer questions not only about materials and tools but also about the connection with Lithuania and ordinary life. These and other exhibits not only tell about everyday life in Siberia but also testify to efforts to survive with dignity, and to preserve national identity.Among the most unique exhibits telling about the exile are the rosaries, moulded out of bread. Knowing that exiles and political prisoners often suffered from hunger, making rosaries from bread necessary for survival shows that this attribute of prayer was extremely important, helped to preserve the faith, gave strength and hope. Five rosaries, a cross and a pendant with the image of a saint, moulded out of bread are stored at Local Lore Museum of Utena. In 2018–2019, the unique exhibits were conserved in P. Gudynas Restoration Centre at Lithuanian National Museum of Art. Disintegrated masses, crumbled, cracked rosaries were cleaned, disinfected and fixed, all processes were performed under microscope observation. The beads were reinforced with a water-alcohol solution of the cellulose-based polymer Klucel G. The mass of rosary beads was investigated: it was confirmed in the research laboratory of the Restoration Centre that the beads were made of bread, and the types of flour were differentiated at the Bioarchaeology Research Centre of Vilnius University – the features of rye, wheat, barley and leguminous cultures were differentiated in the samples. Exiles found a way to tell about their life while being far away from their homeland. Handicrafts, rosaries, pictures of saints to pray to were a support in the inhumane world into which adults and children were forcibly displaced. Our relationship with these testimonies is already different, but the sense of meaning remains the same.