Archeologija Šiaulių "Aušros" muziejuje: rinkinys, edukacijos, parodos ir ekspozicijos

LTArcheologiniai eksponatai Šiaulių „Aušros“ muziejuje kaupiami nuo pat jo įsteigimo 1923 m. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama muziejaus archeologinio rinkinio formavimo istorija, aiškinamasi, kaip kito jo struktūra pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais, aktualizuojamos šiuo metu iškylančios eksponatų apskaitos, tvarkymo ir tyrinėjimų problemos. Muziejaus archeologinis rinkinys populiarinamas rengiant edukacijas, temines parodas ir ilgalaikes ekspozicijas. 1999 m. muziejaus archeologų iniciatyva pradėtos edukacinės veiklos. Straipsnyje pristatomos vykdomos archeologinės edukacijos, analizuojama jų statistika. Archeologiniai radiniai buvo eksponuojami jau pirmojoje, 1933 m. naujose patalpose, Aušros al. 47, įrengtoje ekspozicijoje ir jiems vietos buvo skiriama visose kada nors buvusiose muziejaus ekspozicijose. Vien archeologijai skirta ekspozicija „Šiaulių krašto praeitis nuo seniausių laikų iki XVII a.“ muziejuje veikė 2004–2019 m. Reikšminiai žodžiai: muziejus, archeologinis rinkinys, archeologijos eksponatai, masinė medžiaga, edukacijos, ekspozicijos.

ENArchaeological exhibits in Šiauliai “Aušros” museum have been accumulated since its establishment in 1923.The first exhibits were accidental archaeological finds from the demolished cemeteries, and from 1931 onwards, they were supplemented by exhibits found during archaeological excavations. The initiator of archaeological research in the museum was Balys Tarvydas (1897–1980). For a long time, the museum’s archaeological collection consisted mainly of exhibits of burial monuments, much less of Iron Age mounds and settlements. From the last decade of the 20th century, with the intensive exploration of the old towns and manors, the museum received significantly more medieval and modern exhibits. The research of the old towns is distinguished by the fact that they include a lot of archaeological material, the accounting of which becomes complicated due to their abundance. Mass material, like other values stored in the museum, must be included in the unified museum records. It is a unified system of accounting of mass material, which is acceptable to all museums protecting archaeological heritage exhibits, however, currently we lack such system. An important area of activity of archaeologists at Šiauliai “Aušros” museum is the dissemination of archaeological science, presentation of archaeological research and museum exhibits to the public. For this purpose, educations are created, events are organized, thematic exhibitions are organized, and expositions are created.In 1999, educational activities were initiated by the museum’s archaeologists. Archaeological education is one of the most popular in the museum. The number of their visitors shows that those educations that are aimed at primary school pupils are the most popular. Meanwhile, education focused on senior students is less attended. Therefore, the museum still has the task of attracting senior students to the museum. In the last decade of the 20th century, for the first time in the history of “Aušros” museum, exhibitions were started, based on the museum’s archaeological collection. At that time, two directions of archaeological exhibitions were chosen – the history of archaeological research of “Aušros” museum and the reconstruction of prehistory. In the last two decades, the number of archaeological exhibitions has decreased, but their quality has increased, the content has expanded, the design of the exhibition has improved, and educational activities dedicated to this topic have been created for almost every exhibition. The scientific, informational, representative and educational functions of the museum are combined by permanent expositions. Archaeological finds were exhibited as early as in the first exposition of “Aušros” museum in 1928, and they were given space in all the expositions of the museum. The exposition dedicated exclusively to archaeology “The past of Šiauliai region from the earliest times to the 17th century” was opened in the museum only in 2004.